How to Use Extra Credit Effectively

The use of extra credit can be an effective teaching and learning tool in any content area classroom, but only if the extra credit is used in the correct manner. Generally, extra credit is offered to those students who want to bring up a GPA. Poor performance on a heavily weighted test or a paper or a project may have dropped a students overall grade. The opportunity for extra credit may be a motivational tool or a way to correct a misjudgment or miscommunication.  However,  if used incorrectly or inequitably, extra credit can also be a point of contention and a headache for the teacher.  Therefore, a teacher should take time to look at an offer for extra credit critically and consider the implications it may have for grading and assessment.   Pros of Using Extra Credit An extra credit assignment may provide students with an incentive to go above and beyond the class material. If it is used to enhance lessons, the offer for extra credit can help deepen the learning for students. It can also help struggling students by providing them with additional learning opportunities while allowing them a means to increase their grade. The extra credit may mirror the original assignment, be an alternative test, paper or project. There may be a section of an assessment that can be taken again or the student may suggest an alternative assignment.   Extra credit may also be in the form of revision. The process of revision, especially in writing assignments, can be used as a way to teach students to reflect on their progress and abilities in writing and take steps to strengthen it. Revision may serve to establish conferences to receive highly beneficial one-on-one attention. Rather than design new extra credit opportunities, a teacher should consider how he or she can reinforce the skills to improve student performance on a previously graded assignment.   Another method for extra credit is to give students a bonus question(s) on a quiz or test. There may be an option to answer an additional essay question or solve an additional word problem.   If extra credit is allowed, teachers may adopt the kinds of the assignments that are voluntary extra credit must still be assessed just as rigorously as the assessments for regular coursework. Perhaps there are extra credit opportunities that allow students to try extended activities such as inquiry projects based on  questions, problems, or scenarios. Students may choose to volunteer in the school community or in the community at large. By allowing the student the opportunity to choose how they will earn extra credit points could be a way to give them control over their academic achievement. After checking school policy, if you wish to offer extra credit in your class, you will need to make sure of the following: Do connect your extra credit to other lessons in class or to classroom pertinent current events.Do provide the same extra credit opportunities to all students.Do consider your grading time when assigning extra credit.Do make extra credit assignments interesting and pertinent for students.Do tell your students when you assign extra credit how much it will be worth and how you will grade it.Do make sure that you are not outweighing your required assignments with points for extra credit.Do set a clear deadline for when extra credit is due. Cons of Using Extra Credit On the other hand, too many opportunities for extra credit in a course could result in an  imbalance in grading. Extra credit assignments could outweigh the required assignments, and the result could mean that a student would pass a course without meeting all the standards.  Extra credit that is graded for a â€Å"completion† grade can skew an overall grade. In the same vein, some educators believe that extra credit reduces the importance of curriculum assessments by providing students with a way to circumvent the curriculum. These students could avoid  requirements by still have the ability to increase their grade. Moreover, an extra credit assignment could boost a GPA, but obscure a students actual academic ability. There are also some schools that have a no extra credit rule in their policy handbook. There are some districts that want to eliminate the extra work a teacher has to do after assigning extra credit. Some general rules to consider are: Do not create extra credit assignments that are unconnected to your curriculum or standards.Do not grade each students extra credit using different standards.Do not create so much extra credit that students are able to pass without completing the required work.Do not make spur of the moment extra credit opportunities that are not equally available to all students.Do not allow busy work like copying from a book to be extra creditDo not allow students to turn in late extra credit as this is just an accounting nightmare.Do not create extra credit assignments that the educational value is not equivalent to the student or teacher effort involved.

The War On African Americans - 2176 Words

The War on African Americans The oppression of African Americans is a part of the foundation that the United States was built upon. From the time of the Jim Crow laws that mandated the separation of whites and African Americans, to the present day where many institutions make decisions based on race, marginalization of African Americans has been ingrained into society. The Jim Crow laws claimed to make everyone equal, but instead it legally separated whites and African Americans by having establishments for whites only and establishments for African Americans only. Although there are not laws enforcing African Americans to be treated differently from the majority group anymore, African Americans have been continuously marginalized even after abolishing the Jim Crow Laws with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Jim Crow Laws were legalized in 1896 after the Plessy v. Ferguson case and were operated mostly in the Southern states. Plessy v. Ferguson the primary case that led the way for t he continuation of oppressing African Americans. The Jim Crow laws were made to separate African Americans from the white majority and make sure they were treated the same as the whites. Instead of making everyone equal, it was a way to continue oppressing African Americans after the end of slavery. This shows that at the time, the white majority still wanted to marginalize African Americans; in order to do so, they developed the Jim Crow Laws. As stated earlier, these new laws were supposedShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Civil War1076 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history African Americans have had is bad in the United States. First they went through slavery which lasted about two hundred year and was ended around the Civil War which was in the 1860s-1870s. 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Being put through unimaginable trials such as lynching, Jim crow laws, sharecropping did not stopRead MoreAfrican Americans and the Civil War774 Words   |  4 PagesEssay African Americans and the Civil War Slavery affected many of the political reasons that contributed to causing the Civil War in 1961. Most in the Northern states including President Lincoln were more concerned with preserving the Union rather than fighting for the freedom of all. On the other hand the South fought to preserve what they believed to be absolute state rights. However the overall goals of the war were altered significantly by the willingness of African Americans during war. ThisRead MoreAfrican American And The Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1865, when the civil war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. 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They got jobs and their kids go to school, but more notice that it wasn t rightRead MoreThe Civil War On African Americans Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe years preceding the Civil War were monstrous for African Americans located in the South of the country. Northerners and Southerners would argue that their visions of how society is structured is the right way and should be expanded throughout the nation. Southerners claimed that slavery is okay, and it’s a positive labor system. On the contrary, Northerners claim that laborers should be paid by wage, men should have equal opportunities, and slaves should gain freedom. The four most significantRead MoreAfrican Americans During The War1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn World War One the role that African-Americans had in the war served as a way to show that they are equal citizens and deserved to be treated like anyone else. Even with a country rejecting th e blacks they still sought to bleed and risk their lives. The racism that was present during the war was so great and many African-American war efforts were diminished and twisted by whites. Even after all of this blacks were still eager to enlist in war and prove themselves worthy of serving. One may thinkRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this logic that if they were to join the Civil War they could liberate all slaves. However

Definition Of Leadership And Leadership - 2173 Words

Definition of leadership Leadership is defined as the art of getting people to do what they may not want to do on their own. It may involve getting people do things that seem to be against their own self-interest and a leader uses various tools to achieve their goals. Yet another definition of leadership is from the US Army, for over two hundred years the US Army has produced leaders who have led its organization and later gone on to become President of the United States. They continue to produce leaders for the nation and define leadership as â€Å"influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization.† (US Army) A more refined definition of leadership is offered by B. Wintson and K. Patterson, â€Å"The leader throughout each leader-follower-audience interaction demonstrates his/her commitment to the values of (a) humility, (b) concern for others, (c) controlled discipline, (d) seeking what is right and good for the organization, (e) showing mercy in beliefs and actions with all people, (f) focusing on the purpose of the organization and on the well-being of the followers, and (g) creating and sustaining peace in the organization–not a lack of conflict but a place where peace grows.† (Winston and Patterson, 2006) For our uses in this paper we will use a combination of definition of leadership is the art of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while accomplishingShow MoreRelatedDefinition And Definition Of Leadership1426 Words   |  6 PagesIn chapter one, the concept and definition of leadership was introduced and according to the text, more than one hundred definitions of leadership have been identified by scholars and academic studies. 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The units and operational community thatRead MoreDifferent Definitions Of Leadership And Leadership1503 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individual to achieve a common goal (pp5). However, there are many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it because the word can have different meaning for different people. Leadership is similar to the management in many ways because they both involve influence, concerned with effective goal and work with people. Leadership helps to produce change and movement by establishingRead MoreDefinition Of Leadership And Leadership Theories1474 Words   |  6 Pages1:-Sum up the Leadership Theories:- Definition of leadership leader , shows great influence and bonding with its theories. It is an ability of leader how he influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Leadership is also about coping with change. 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Dead Poets Society Summary and Context Essay Example For Students

Dead Poets Society Summary and Context Essay The Walton Academy Is founded on the values of tradition and excellence, and Is fixed on providing students with a strict, structured lesson curriculum set by the realist administration. With every new semester, many sons are left in the hands of Walton Academy, in hopes that they become doctors and lawyers. However, when a Walton alumnus returns as an English teachers, he brings with him the passion for romanticism, widening the horizons of his students. The story is mainly viewed through the eyes of Todd Anderson and his roommate Neil Perry. Todd is an overly unconscious and shy character who is constantly afraid of not living up to the expectations that the people around him have, given that his brother was a former valedictorian. Nell on the other hand, Is ambitious and outgoing, but Is always suppressed by his predominant father, who dictates how Nils life should be run. The new English teacher John Keating begins his teachings with a fervent lecture on their imminent deaths, explaining to the students that their lives are fleeting so they should seize the day to make their lives count, to leave a legacy of carper diem. He continues his teaching by instructing the class to rip out the pages of their books which describe a scientific way to determine the greatness of poetry. He teaches them the works of the romantic poets such as Thoreau and Lord Byron and employs outdoor exercises to warn them of the dangers of conformity and the power of sports as a way which human beings push each other to excel. Amidst these eccentric activities, the students, intrigued with their new teacher, learn that he was a member of the Dead Poets Society. When asked, Keating describes glorious moments of creating gods, but warns them to forget about the idea. Nevertheless, they repeatedly sneak off campus to convene their own version of the Dead Poets society. Todd Is allowed to attend as an exception: since he does not want to read aloud, he keeps minutes of the meetings. Throughout these meetings, each character is able to develop his own romantic or realist nature. The shocking clash between realism and romanticism begins to unfold when Charlie Dalton prints an obnoxious article In the school news in the name of the Dead Poets. The administration is appalled and begins an investigation. Meanwhile, fall madly in love with a girl who is practically engaged to the son of his parents friends. He pursues her relentlessly, driven by romantic Ideals, In the face of the threats on his life by her boyfriend. Nell realizes that his real passion in life is acting and proceeds to land the role of Puck in a Midsummer Nights Dream at the local theater. He begins to weave a tangled web of deception by failing to inform his father, then lying to Mr.. Keating when his father finds out and demands he quit the play. Feeling trapped, after his final performance and a standing ovation, he takes his own life. Ultimately, the administration links his death to the Dead Poets Society, and pushes the blame towards Mr.. Keating for reviving the past. Each student is then forced to sign a document blaming Mr.. Keating for Nils death, which leads to him being fired from his Job. In one final scene, displaying the beauty of a balance between the two Ideals, Todd Is able to cry UT to Mr.. Keating, who stopped by the class to collect his belongings, O Captain, my 1 OFF climbing to the top of his desk to salute his fallen teacher, who changed his life. .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .postImageUrl , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:hover , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:visited , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:active { border:0!important; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:active , .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4 .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9a321a8227aa77c23d4232f98cd6c0a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry comparison between 'Long Distance' and 'The Sick Equation' EssayContext Dead Poets Society was set in the conservative and aristocratic Walton Academy, Vermont 1959. Although the film and book were both set in the 20th century, the main focus of the story centre around two 19th century values/movements, namely the realist and the romantic. These two themes are the essential components that bind the story together. Both themes are crucial to the story as much of the storyline, literary and film devices and implemented in order to better complement and bring out the essence of the two themes. Hence, when analyzing the differences between the book and the film, it is important to note how each feature in each respective avenue brings the themes across. At various instances, the portrayal of realism and romanticism can be subtle, but can also be extremely blatant. When attempting the comparative analysis of the book and film, it is necessary to always consider the eating and themes of the story in order to better understand the different components and their workings within the book and film. The definitions of realism and romanticism help set a clearer, stronger grounding for the analysis. Realism (Britannica Online): Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favor of a close observation of outward appearances. Realism Usually stemmed either from artists desire to present more honest, searching, and initialized views of everyday life or from their attempts to use art as a vehicle for social and political eroticism. Realisms emphasis on detachment, objectivity, and accurate observation, its lucid but restrained criticism of social environment and mores, and the humane understanding that underlay its moral Judgments Romanticism (Britannica Online): Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. was marked by emphasis on originality and individuality, personal emotional expression, and freedom and experimentation of form.